Manganese is a metallic/essential/critical element that plays a vital role/part/function in both human health and various industrial processes. Within/In/Throughout the human body, manganese acts as a cofactor/catalyst/component for numerous enzymes involved in metabolism, bone formation, and wound healing/tissue repair/cellular function. Industria

UHMWPE, renowned for its exceptional durability, has emerged as a essential element in the field of medical applications. Its superior biocompatibility and minimal friction coefficient contribute to UHMWPE an ideal choice for a wide range of implants, prosthetics, and surgical devices. Moreover, its resistance to wear and tear promotes long-term

Sputtering is a prominent technique utilized in the fabrication of advanced thin films. Titanium (Ti) sputtering, in particular, has emerged as a preferred method due to its ability to deposit high-quality Ti thin films with controlled thickness and composition. The process involves bombarding a Ti target with energetic ions, dislodging atoms that